The nation’s new LED bulbs rules start taking effect Sunday. What exactly do they require, and what’s their likely impact, since Congress barred funds to enforce the efficiency standards? Here are some answers:

Q: What’s included in the new standards?

A: The standards require LED bulb be at least 25% more efficient and carry labels on the front and back of packages to explain their brightness, annual operating costs and expected life span.

The labels apply to all light bulbs made or imported after Jan. 1, but the efficiency standards apply only to traditional 100-watt incandescents on that day. The efficiency rules will begin applying to the old-fashioned 75-watt bulb in January 2013 and 40- and 60-watt bulbs in January 2014. Retailers can sell leftover bulbs as long as they weren’t made or imported after their deadline.

Q: What’s wrong with the old bulbs?

A: The incandescent that Thomas Alva Edison invented is notoriously inefficient. It wastes 90% of its energy as heat rather than light, which is why it’s so hot when in use.

In 2007, the U.S. Congress passed the bipartisan Energy Independence and Security Act, torch light bulbs to use at least 25% less electricity for the amount of lumens, or light, produced. For example, a bulb that yields 1,600 lumens (typical in a 100-watt bulb) can now use only 72 watts or less of power.

Soraa is betting its future on its different development approach to LED lighting to put it ahead of competition. The difference is in the LED crystal structure. Soraa’s technology enables the LED to generate more lumens per area. Soraa’s lamp is based on its trademarked “GaN on GaN” materials, “a perfect crystal structure,” according to the company. Translation: The Soraa team figured out a way to create a combination of gallium-nitride top layer on gallium-nitride substrate.

The competitive difference is that LEDs based on dissimilar crystal structures elsewhere result in lower performance. Soraa’s pure GaN crystal is up to one thousand times purer than GaN on sapphire or GaN on silicon carbide substrates, according to the company.

A GaN LED can burn for 100,000 hours so, on average, it only needs replacing after 60 years. And, unlike currently available energy-saving bulbs GaN LEDs do not contain mercury so disposal is less damaging to the environment. GaN LEDs also have the advantage of turning on instantly and being dimmable.

GaN LEDs, used to illuminate landmarks like Buckingham Palace and the Severn Bridge, are also appearing in camera flashes, mobile phones, torches, bicycle lights and interior bus, train and plane lighting.

Soraa is betting its future on its different development approach to LED corn light to put it ahead of competition. The difference is in the LED crystal structure. Soraa’s technology enables the LED to generate more lumens per area. Soraa’s lamp is based on its trademarked “GaN on GaN” materials, “a perfect crystal structure,” according to the company. Translation: The Soraa team figured out a way to create a combination of gallium-nitride top layer on gallium-nitride substrate.

The views make this lavatory worth a visit alone. Mandarin Oriental, New York has unobstructed panoramas of Central Park, Midtown Manhattan and the Hudson River. But the best of bathrooms resides in the Presidential Suite where an oversized soaking tub overlooks the park through floor-to-ceiling windows. (For those who can’t leave technology behind, a wall-mounted flat-screen TV is also in view from the tub). The glass-enclosed steam shower is big enough for two and is made of rare stone and tiles imported from around the world—golden onyx, French marble with deep chocolate veining and Italian pearlized mosaic tiles.

The marble floors, ample seating and sugar-lemon scented Fresh bath products round out the luxury experience.InnovativeBathrooms.com now provides a wider range of bathroom fixtures and bathroom hardware accessories products that are broken down into the following categories: Bathroom Sinks; Vessel Sinks; Bidet Toilets; Toilets, Children’s One Piece Toilets; Soaking Bath Tubs; Faucets, Towel Warmers, Steam Shower Units, and Commercial Bathroom Fixtures.

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South Korea is making preparations to deal with North Korean GPS jamming that is expected during the March 26-27 Nuclear Security Summit in Seoul. Leaders from all over the world will arrive for these talks. Last March, North Korea was found to be directing a GPS jamming signal across the border and towards the southern capital, Seoul. The jamming signal was detected up to a hundred kilometers south of the DMZ.

The North Korea GPS jammers were based on known Russian models that North Korea bought and copied. The usual response for GPS jamming is to bomb the jammers, which are easy to find (jamming is nothing more than broadcasting a more powerful version of the frequency you want to interfere with). But such a response could lead to more fighting, so the south began working on alternative responses. The jamming is a nuisance more than a threat and most military equipment is equipped with electronics and other enhancements to defeat it.

When the case was heard last November, Twitter was awash in chatter about illegal hand held metal detector and how they could foil warrantless tracking. Hopefully that has now been stayed - as widespread jammer use could ruin GPS reception, not only for satnavs but also for cellphone networks which use the GPS satellite network’s over-the-air atomic clock signals for timing purposes.

Stand down those GPS jammers, Americans. The justices of the US Supreme Court have ruled that the police will indeed continue to need a search warrant to install a GPS tracker on a suspect’s car. The decision means police cannot treat GPS tracking as a simple extension of “tailing” someone, which does not require a warrant.

Personal privacy devices, more commonly referred to as GPS jammers, being used on a highway near the EAS system airport, derailed the rollout of a GPS-based instrument landing system at the airport in late 2009. Continental Airlines at the time had equipped a portion of its fleet with avionics to use the ground-based augmentation system (GBAS) approaches.

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